Objective of Economic Planning of India

1. Economic Development:The main objective of Indian planning is to achieve the goal of economic development economic development is necessary for under developed countries because they can solve the problems of general poverty, unemployment and backwardness through it.
Economic development is concerned with the increase in per capita income and causes behind this increase.
In order to calculate the economic development of a country, we should take into consideration not only increase in its total production capacity and consumption but also increase in its population. Economic development refers to the raising of the people from inhuman elements like poverty unemployment and ill heath etc.
Attainment of higher rate of economic growth received topmost priority in almost all the Five Year Plans of the country. As the economy of the country was suffering from acute poverty thus by attaining a higher rate of economic growth eradication of poverty is possible and the standard of living of our people can be improved.
The First Plan envisaged a target of 11 per cent increase in national income against which 18 per cent growth in national income was achieved. The Second, Third and Fourth Plan envisaged targets for annual growth rate of 5 per cent. 5.6 per cent and 5.7 per cent respectively against which the achievements were 4 per cent, 2.6 per cent and 3.4 per cent respectively.
Again the Fifth and Sixth Plan also proposed the annual growth rate of 4.37 per cent and 5.2 per cent against which the achievements were 5.0 per cent and 5.2 per cent respectively. The Seventh Plan also set the target of 5 per cent in respect of annual growth rate of national income.The Eighth Plan and the Ninth Plan set the target of 5.6 per cent and 7.0 per cent annual growth rate of national income against which the achievements were 6.5 per cent and 5.4 per cent respectively. The Tenth and Eleventh Plan set the target of 8.0 per cent and 9.0 per cent in its annual average growth rate of GDP. Thus attaining higher rate of economic growth is found as a common objective for all the Five Year Plans of our country.

2. Increase Employment:Another objective of the plans is better utilization of man power resource and increasing employment opportunities. Measures have been taken to provide employment to millions of people during plans. It is estimated that by the end of Tenth Plan (2007) 39 crore people will be employed.
To achieve this target the major programmes which were introduced during this Plan were Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP), the National Rural Employment Programme (NREP), the Operation Flood II Dairy Development Project, schemes in the villages and small industries sector the national Scheme of Training Rural Youth for Self Employment (TRYSEM) and various other components of the Minimum Needs Programme.
One of the major objectives of the Seventh Plan was a faster growth of employment opportunities. Thus the plan aimed that the employment potential would grow at 4 per cent as against the 2.6 per cent growth in the labour force. Again, the Eighth Plan envisages an annual employment growth of 2.6 to 2.8 per cent over the next ten years 1992-2002.
3. Self-Sufficient:It has been the objective of the plans that the country becomes self-sufficient regarding food grains and industrial raw material like iron and steel etc. Also, growth is to be self sustained for which rates of saving and investment are to be raised. With the completion of Third Plan, Indian economy has reached the take off stage of development. The main objective of the Tenth Plan is to get rid of dependence on foreign aid by increasing export trade and developing internal resources.
4. Economic Stability:Stability is as important as growth. It implies absence of frequent end excessive occurrence of inflation and deflation. If the price level rises very high or falls very low, many types of structural imbalances are created in the economy.
Economic stability has been one of the objectives of every Five year plan in India. Some rise in prices is inevitable as a result of economic development, but it should not be out of proportions. However, since the beginning of second plan, the prices have been rising rather considerably.
5. Social Welfare and Services:The objective of the five year plans has been to promote labour welfare, economic development of backward classes and social welfare of the poor people. Development of social services like education, health, technical education, scientific advancement etc. has also been the objective of the Plans.
6. Regional Development:Different regions of India are not economically equally developed. Punjab, Haryana, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh etc. are relatively more developed. But U.P., Bihar, Orissa, Nagaland, Meghalaya and H.P. are economically backward. Rapid economic development of backward regions is one of the priorities of five year plans to achieve regional equality.
7. Comprehensive Development:All round development of the economy is another objective of the five year plans. Development of all economic activities viz. agriculture, industry, transport, power etc. is sought to be simultaneously achieved. First Plan laid emphasis on the development of agriculture. Second plan gave priority to the development of heavy industries. In the Eighth Plan maximum stress was on the development of human resources.
8. To Reduce Economic Inequalities:Every Plan has aimed at reducing economic inequalities. Economic inequalities are indicative of exploitation and injustice in the country. It results in making the rich richer and the poor poorer. Several measures have been taken in the plans to achieve the objectives of economic equality specially by way of progressive taxation and reservation of jobs for the economically backward classes. The goal of socialistic pattern of society was set in the second plan mainly to achieve this objective.
9. Social Justice:Another objective of every plan has been to promote social justice. It is possible in two ways, one is to reduce the poverty of the poorest section of the society and the other is to reduce the inequalities of wealth and income. According to Eighth Plan, a person is poor if the spends on consumption less than Rs. 328 per month in rural area and Rs. 454 per month in urban area at 1999-2000 prices. About 26 percent of Indian population lives below poverty line. The tenth plan aims to reduce this to 21%.
10. Increase in Standard of Living:The other objective of the plan is to increase the standard of living of the people. Standard of living depends on many factors such as per capita increase in income, price stability, equal distribution of income etc. During the period of Plans, the per capita income at current prices has reached only up to Rs. 20988.
All round development of the economy is another objective of the five year plans. Development of all economic activities viz. agriculture, industry, transport, power etc. is sought to be simultaneously achieved. First Plan laid emphasis on the development of agriculture. Second plan gave priority to the development of heavy industries. In the Eighth Plan maximum stress was on the development of human resources.

11. Modernisation of Various Sectors:Another very important objective of Five Year Plans of our country was the modernisation of various sectors and more specifically the modernisation of agricultural and industrial sectors. The Fourth Plan laid much emphasis on the modernisation of agricultural sector and undertook a vigorous scheme for modernisation of agriculture in the name of Green Revolution. The successive plans also continued their efforts in the same direction but at a reduced rate.
The Sixth Plan categorically mentioned this objective of modernisation for the first time. Here the objective of modernisation means those structural and institutional changes in economic activities which can transform a feudal and colonial economy into a progressive and modern economy. Thus through modernisation economy may be diversified.
It requires setting up of various types of industries and advancement of technology. In the mean time some sort of modernisation always gone against employment generation thus the country is facing a conflict between the objective of modernisation and the objective of removal of unemployment and poverty. 

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The Indian Currency History....

The rupee in your pocket has a mysterious past. Behind Mahatma Gandhi’s smiling face lies a long history of struggle, exploration, and wealth that can be traced back to the ancient India of the 6th century BC. Let’s demystify this history by bringing you the interesting stories about how Indian currency has evolved over the ages into the rupee of today.Ancient Indians were the earliest issuers of coins in the world, along with the Chinese and Lydians (from the Middle East). The first Indian coins – punch marked coins called Puranas, Karshapanas or Pana – were minted in the 6th century BC by the Mahajanapadas (republic kingdoms) of ancient India. These included Gandhara, Kuntala, Kuru, Panchala, Shakya, Surasena, and Saurashtra.

Then came the Mauryas who punch marked their coins with a royal standard. Chanakya, prime minister to the first Mauryan emperor Chandragupta Maurya, mentions the minting of coins such as rupyarupa (silver),  suvarnarupa (gold), tamararupa (copper) and sisarupa (lead) in his Arthashastra treatise.

The Indo-Greek Kushan kings who came next introduced the Greek custom of engraving portrait heads on coins. Their example was followed for eight centuries. The extensive coinage of the Kushan empire also influenced a large number of tribes, dynasties, and kingdoms, which began issuing their own coins.

The Gupta Empire produced large numbers of gold coins depicting the Gupta kings performing various rituals. This tradition of intricately engraved coins continued till the arrival of the Turkish Sultanate in North India.

By the 12th century AD, the Turkish Sultans of Delhi had replaced the royal designs of Indian kings with Islamic calligraphy. The currency – made in gold, silver and copper – was now referred to as tanka, with the lower valued coins being called jittals. The Delhi Sultanate also attempted to standardise the monetary system by issuing coins of different values.

By the time the British East India Company set itself up in India in the 1600s, Sher Shah’s silver rupiya had already become the popular standard currency in the country. Despite many attempts to introduce the sterling pound in India, the rupaiya grew in popularity and was even exported as a currency to other British colonies.

In 1717 AD, the English obtained permission from Mughal emperor Farrukh Siyar to coin Mughal money at the Bombay Mint. The British gold coins were termed carolina, the silver coins angelina, the copper coins cupperoon, and the tin coins tinny.

Paper money was first issued in British India in the 18th century, with the Bank of Hindostan, General Bank in Bengal and the Bengal Bank becoming the first banks in India to issue paper currency.

In 1862, the Victoria portrait series of bank notes and coins were issued in honour of Queen Victoria and later, many emperors followed suit. For security reasons, the notes of this series were cut in half; one half was sent by post and upon confirmation of receipt, the other half was sent.

The Reserve Bank of India was formally set up in 1935 and was empowered to issue Government of India notes.  RBI also printed 10,000 rupee notes (the highest denomination RBI has ever printed in its history) that were later demonetised after independence.

On August 15, 1950, the new ‘anna system’ was introduced – the first coinage of the Republic of India. The British King’s portrait was replaced with the engraving of Ashoka’s Lion Capital of Sarnath, and the tiger on the 1 rupee coin was replaced with a corn sheaf. One rupee now consisted of 16 annas.

The 1955 Indian Coinage (Amendment) Act, which came into force on April 1, 1957, introduced a ‘decimal series’. The rupee was now divided into 100 paisa instead of 16 annasor 64 pice.The coins were initially called naye paise, meaning new paise, to distinguish them from the previous coins.

Also, prior to Independence, the Indian currency was pegged against silver. The silver-based rupee fluctuated according to the value of silver and had a distinct disadvantage when trading against currencies that were based on the gold standard. This was rectified post-Independence.

Later, in 1996, the ‘Mahatma Gandhi Series’ was introduced with prominent new features such as changed watermarks, windowed security threads, latent images, and intaglio features for the visually handicapped. This was replaced in 2005 by the ‘MG series’ notes that had some additional security features.

In 2010, India celebrated its hosting of the Commonwealth Games with commemorative 2 and 5 Rupee coins. One side of these coins features the logo of the Games while the other features the three lions from the pillar of Ashoka. In the same year, India also adopted the new symbol for the rupee ₹, with new coins bearing this symbol being launched in 2011.

Since 2010, other commemorative coins have also been issued – 60th anniversary of the Indian Parliament, 150th anniversary of Swami Vivekananda, and more recently, International Day of Yoga.

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Other Countries That Have Attempted Demonetisation In The Past....

India is not a stranger to demonetisation as Prime Minister Narendra Modi recently marked the third time in history that currency notes have been demonetised in India. However, the recent currency ban of Rs 500 and Rs 1000 notes is the biggest currency ban in India’s history, making more than 80 percent of hard cash in circulation effectively worthless.

As the country adjusts to the new currency norms, here is a list of other countries that attempted demonetisation, sometimes with not so successful results.

Soviet Union

In January 1991 under the leadership of Mikhail Gorbachev the country withdrew 50 and 100 ruble notes from circulation in an attempt to remove black money and increase the currency value. The removed notes formed around one third of the total money in circulation.

The large scale demonetisation was not successful and Gorbachev faced a coup merely months later in August, however the 1991 attempt led to a successful redenomination of the ruble in 1998 where 3 zeros were removed, which was followed by another currency switch in 2010 when 2 more zeros were removed from the old currency. The 2010 attempt was not as successful as the timing coincided with a poor harvest.

Zaire

In the early 1990s, the Dictator Mobutu Sese Seko administration rolled out successive currency reforms along with a plan to withdraw obsolescent currency from the system in 1993. The successive reforms resulted in increasing economic disruptions until Mobutu was ousted in 1997.

Myanmar

The military invalidated nearly 80 percent of the value of money in circulation in 1987, in an attempt to curb the black market. The action triggered the first student demonstration in years, before a government crackdown came into affect the next year.

Ghana

In 1982, the country demonetised its 50 cedi currency note to reduce tax evasion, address corruption and clear excess liquidity, however the move resulted in the public turning to foreign currency and physical assets. The general public lost confidence in the banking system and a fresh black market for currency began.

Nigeria

Military government led by Muhammadu Buhari conducted an anti-corruption crackdown in 1984, issuing new currency notes with new colours so that old notes would be rendered unusable within a limited time frame. The goal had been to fix a debt-ridden and inflated economy but was not successful.

India has successfully adapted to changes in currency twice in the past.

Demonetisation

Demonetization is the act of stripping a currency unit of its status as legal tender. Demonetization is necessary whenever there is a change of national currency. The old unit of currency must be retired and replaced with a new currency unit.
                                   impacts of on Indian Economy?                                                             

Demonetization is a generations’ memorable experience and is going to be one of the economic events of our time. Its impact is felt by every Indian citizen. Demonetization affects the economy through the liquidity side. Its effect will be a telling one because nearly 86% of currency value in circulation was withdrawn without replacing bulk of it. As a result of the withdrawal of Rs 500 and Rs 1000 notes, there occurred huge gap in the currency composition as after Rs 100; Rs 2000 is the only denomination.

Absence of intermediate denominations like Rs 500 and Rs 1000 will reduce the utility of Rs 2000. Effectively, this will make Rs 2000 less useful as a transaction currency though it can be a store value denomination.

Demonetization technically is a liquidity shock; a sudden stop in terms of currency availability. It creates a situation where lack of currencies jams consumption, investment, production, employment etc. In this context, the exercise may produce following short term/long term/, consumption/investment, welfare/growth impacts on Indian economy. The intensity of demonetization effects clearly depends upon the duration of the liquidity shocks.                                       

                                          Following are the main impacts.

1. Demonetization is not a big disaster like global banking sector crisis of 2007; but at the same time, it will act as a liquidity shock that disturbs economic activities.                                      
2. Liquidity crunch (short term effect): liquidity shock means people are not able to get sufficient volume of popular denomination especially Rs 500.  This currency unit is the favourable denomination in daily life. It constituted to nearly 49% of the previous currency supply in terms of value. Higher the time required to resupply Rs 500 notes, higher will be the duration of the liquidity crunch. Current  reports indicate that all security printing press can print only 2000 million units of RS 500 notes by the end of this year. Nearly 16000 mn Rs 500 notes were in circulation as on end March 2016. Some portion of this were filled by the new Rs 2000 notes. Towards end of March approximately 10000 mn units will be printed and replaced. All these indicate that currency crunch will be in our economy for the next four months.
3. Welfare loss for the currency using population: Most active segments of the population who constitute the ‘base of the pyramid’ uses currency to meet their transactions. The daily wage earners, other labourers, small traders etc. who reside out of the formal economy uses cash frequently. These sections will lose income in the absence of liquid cash. Cash stringency will compel firms to reduce labour cost and thus reduces income to the poor working class.There will be a trickle up effect of the liquidity chaos to the higher income people with time    .
4. Consumption will be hit: When liquidity shortage strikes, it is consumption that is going to be adversely affected first.

Consumption ↓→ Production ↓→ Employment ↓→ Growth ↓→ Tax revenue ↓                          

5 Loss of Growth momentum- India risks its position of being the fastest growing largest economy: reduced consumption, income,      investment etc. may reduce India’s GDP growth as the liquidity impact itself may last three -four months.

     6. Impact on bank deposits and interest rate: Deposit in the short term may rise, but in the long term, its effect will come down. The savings with the banks are actually liquid cash people stored. It is difficult to assume that such ready cash once stored in their hands will be put into savings for a long term. They saved this money into banks just to convert the old notes into new notes. These are not voluntary savings aimed to get interest. It will be converted into active liquidity by the savers when full-fledged new currency supply take place. This means that new savings with banks is only transitory or short-term deposit. It may be encashed by the savers at the appropriate time. It is not necessary that demonetization will produce big savings in the banking system in the medium term. Most of the savings are obtained by biggie public sector banks like the SBI. They may reduce interest rate in the short/medium term. But they can't follow it in the long term. 

7. Impact on black money: Only a small portion of black money is actually stored in the form of cash. Usually, black income is kept in the form of physical assets like gold, land, buildings etc. Hence the amount of black money countered by demonetization depend upon the amount of black money held in the form of cash and it will be smaller than expected. But more than anything else, demonetization has a big propaganda effect. People are now much convinced about the need to fight black income.  such a nationwide awareness and urge will encourage government to come out with even strong measures.

8. Impact on counterfeit currency: the real impact will be on counterfeit/fake currency as its circulation will be checked after this exercise.

Demonetization as a cleaning exercise may produce several good things in the economy. At the same time, it creates unavoidable income and welfare losses to the poor sections of the society who gets income based on their daily work and those who doesn’t have the digital transaction culture. Overall economic activies will be dampened in the short term. But the unmeasurable benefits of having more transparency and reduced volume of black money activities can be pointed as long term benefits. 

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New

Banknotes of the denomination of Rs.2,000 will be in circulation.The Reserve Bank of India has very nearly completed preparations for introducing this new high-value currency.

The notes have already been printed and their despatch from the currency printing press in Mysuru has commenced.

GST (goods and service tax)

 GST

As the name suggests, it is a tax levied when a consumer buys a good or service. It is meant to be a single, comprehensive tax that will subsume all the other smaller indirect taxes on consumption like service tax, excise duty etc. This is how it is done in most developed countries. It will be a comprehensive nationwide indirect tax on the manufacture, sale, and consumption of goods and services. The aim is to have one indirect tax for the whole nation, which will make India a unified common market. GST will be levied and collected at each stage of sale or purchase of goods or services based on the input tax credit method and would make not just manufacturing but also the interstate transportation of goods more efficient.

 How will GST work and what all will it subsume?

GST is a single tax on the supply of goods and services, right from the manufacturer to the consumer. Credits of input taxes paid at each stage will be available in the subsequent stage of value addition, which makes GST essentially a tax only on value addition at each stage. The final consumer will thus bear only the GST charged by the last dealer in the supply chain, with set-off benefits at all the previous stages.

At the central level, the following taxes will be subsumed: Central Excise Duty, Additional Excise Duty, Service Tax, Countervailing Duty (Additional Customs Duty), and Special Additional Duty of Customs.

At the State level, the following taxes will be subsumed: State Value Added Tax/Sales Tax, Entertainment Tax, Central Sales Tax, Octroi and Entry tax, Purchase Tax, Luxury tax, and Taxes on the lottery betting and gambling.

How will GST be beneficial?

The benefits of GST can be summarized as under:

• For business and industry

     1.    Easy compliance
2. Uniformity of tax rates and structures
3. Removal of cascading
4. Improved competitiveness
5. Gain to manufacturers and exporters

• For Central and State Governments

     1.    Simple and easy to administer
2. Better controls on leakage
3. Higher revenue efficiency

• For the consumer

     1.    Single and transparent tax proportionate to the value of goods and services
2. Relief in overall tax burden

2.    What are the Earlier Opposition’s objections?

 The opposition party 'Congress' wants a provision capping the GST rate at 18 percent to be added to the Bill itself. It also wants to scrap the proposed 1 per cent additional levy (over and above the GST) for manufacturing states. This levy was demanded by manufacturing states who argued that they needed to be compensated for the investment they had made in improving their manufacturing capabilities. The Centre had agreed to this demand to encourage the states to support the GST Bill.

 The next demand by the Congress was to change the composition of the GST council—the body that decides the various nitty-grittys like rates of tax, period of levy of an additional tax, principles of supply, special provisions to certain states, etc. The proposed composition is for the Council to be two-thirds comprised from states and one-third from the Centre.

The Congress also wants the Centre’s share to be reduced to one-fourth. This demand, however, was rejected by even the Rajya Sabha Standing Committee.

·         By when will it be implemented?

·         Assuming the Constitution Amendment Bill does pass in the Monsoon Session, GST will still not be in force before April 1, 2017. And that is putting it optimistically. Apart from the legislative process mentioned above, the states, India Inc, and industries and service providers big and small, will also have to prepare themselves for a completely new nationwide tax regime.

·         How would GST be administered in India?

·         There will be two components of GST – Central GST (CGST) and State GST (SGST). Both Centre and States will simultaneously levy GST across the value chain. The tax will be levied on every supply of goods and services. Centre would levy and collect Central Goods and Services Tax (CGST), and States would levy and collect the State Goods and Services Tax (SGST) on all transactions within a State.

·          

·         The input tax credit of CGST would be available for discharging the CGST liability on the output at each stage. Similarly, the credit of SGST paid on inputs would be allowed for paying the SGST on output. No cross utilization of credit would be permitted.

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Economics theory & their writers name

Theory	Writer Name
theory of clubs	james buchanan
imposibility therom	kenneth arrow
political of decision making model	anthony downs
optimum provison of local public goods	charles tiebout
swarn like cluster	schumpeter
organic composation of capital	karl mark
sustainable development	brundtland report
vicious circle of poverty	ragner nurkse
low level of equilibrium trap	nelson
inverted v shaped income distribution hypothesis	simon kuznets
endogenous growth theory	robert solow
unlimited supply of labour	arthur lewis
example of dimond and water	adam smith
the screening hypoothesis	paul w. miier and paul a. volcker
job market signalling	m. spencer
the problem of moaral hazard in case of	J.k. arrow
medical insurance
the market of lemons	george A.Akerlof
liquidity trap	j.m. keynes
demostration effect	james duesenberry
permanent income hypothesis	milton friedman
wealth effect	A.C. pigou
concept of X-efficiency	H.leibenstein in 1966
golden age	mrs. joan robinson
goleden rule of accumulation	edmund phelfs
steady state growth	robert solow
financial dualism theory	h.myint
portfolio approch to demand money	j.m. keynes
the capicty creating aspect of investment	r.m. solow
in the growth model theory
role of non economic factor in explaing growth	r.m. solow
backward and forward linkages	unbalanced growth
turnpike theorem	von neumann model
organic composation of capital	marxian model
a.k. producation funcation	endogenous growth model
law level equilibrium trap	nelson R
critical minimum effect	leibenstein H.
big push	Rodan R
unbalanced growth	Hirchman A
voluntary exchange approch	wicksell-lindahll
the theory of local public goods	charles tiebout
time pattern of public expenditure growth	peacock-wiseman
principle of least aggregate sacrifice	A.C. pigou
principle of absolute advantage	adam smith
effect of factor of endowment change on trade	samuelson
theory of reciprocal demand	j.s mills
factor price equalisation	Rybczynski
highbrid index number	Yule
association of attributes	Gulton
rank correlation	marshall -edgeworth
regression	spearman
wages goods model	p.r. brahmananda
circuler flow of economic life	Joseph-schumpeter
stability of demand funcation for money	milton friedman
demand inflaton theory	Bent henson
interest elasticity of transactions demand for cash	james tobin
real balance effect	don patinkin
absolute income hypothesis, genral theory	j.m. keynes
rational expectation hypothesis	robert lucas
relative income hypothesis	james duesenberry
the new keynesian model	N.Gregory mankiew....   ........etc

TIPS ON HOW TO COMPLETE CLOZE TESTS

TIPS ON HOW TO COMPLETE CLOZE TESTS

• First, slowly read all the text without filling any of the gaps. Read it two or three times until you have a clear understanding of what the text is about.
• Then only complete the gaps you are absolutely sure of.
• Next try and find out what the missing words in the remaining gaps are. See which part of speech may fit in each gap (article?, pronoun?, noun?, adverb?, adjective?, preposition?, conjunction?, verb?) and pay special attention to the grammar around the words in each gap.
Many of the gaps may include the following:
- preposition following a noun, adjective or verb. (Example: good at languages)
- prepositional phrase. (Example: in spite of )
- adverb. ( Example: He moved to Londontwo years ago )
- connector. (Example: First, he arrives; then he sits down; finally, he leaves.)
- conjunction. (Example: Although he is five, he can speak five languages.
- auxiliary verb . (Example: He has won 2 matches)
- an article or some other kind of determiner. (Example: I have no time)
- a relative . (Example: Bob, who I met two years ago, is my best friend)
- a pronoun , either subject or object. (Example : it is difficult to know)
- is there a comparative or superlative involved? (Example: she's taller than me)
• Some sentences may seem to be complete and contain gaps that appear to be unnecessary. If you find gaps like this, you will probably need the following:
- an adverb. (Example: He is always late)
- a modal verb . (Example: They can swim very well)
- a word to change the emphasis of the sentence: She's good enough to be queen
- The problems are too difficult

• A few gaps may demand a vocabulary item consistent with the topic of the text; or a word which is part of an idiomatic expression (example: Good heavens!); or a word which collocates with another one (example: do a job); or a word which is part of a phrasal verb (example: I was held up by traffic). 

Important Days

Important Days

Important Days in January
Jan 1	Army Medical Corps Establishment Day
Jan 8	African National Congress Foundation Day
Jan 10	World Laughter Day
Jan 9	Pravasi Bharatiya Divas
Jan 11	Death anniversary of Lal Bahadur Shastri
Jan 12	National youth Day (Birth Day of Swami Vivekanand)
Jan 15	Army Day
Jan 23	Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose's birth anniversary
Jan 25	International Customs Duty Day, India Tourism Day, Indian Voter Day
Jan 26	Republic Day
Jan 28	Birth anniversary of Lala Lajpat Rai
Jan 30	(Martyr's day) Mahatma Gandhi's Martyrdom Day;World Leprosy Eradication Day
Jan 31	World Leprosy Eradication Day
Inportant Days in February
Feb 2	World Wetlands Day
Feb 4	National Day of Srilanka
Feb 5	Kashmir Day (Organised by Pakistan)
Feb 13	Sarojini Naidu's Birth Anniversary
Feb 14	St. Valentine's Day
Feb 24	Central Exise Day
Feb 28	National Science Day
Important Days in March
Mar 3	National Defence Day
Mar 4	National Security Day
Mar 8	International Women's Day
Mar 9	CISF Raising Day
Mar 12	Mauritius Day;Central Industrial Security Force Day
Mar 15	World Consumer Day
Mar 16	National Vaccination Day
Mar 21	World Forestry Day
Mar 22	World Day of Water
Mar 23	World Meterological Day
Mar 24	World TB Day
Mar 26	Bangaladesh Liberation Day
Important Days in April
April 1	Orissa Day
April 5	National Meritime Day
April 7	World Health Day
April 11	National Safe Motherhood Day
April 13	Jallianwallah Bagh Massacre Day (1919)
April 14	B.R. Ambedkar Remembrance Day
April 17	World Haemophilia Day
April 18	World Heritage Day
April 21	National Civil Service Day
April 22	World Earth Day
April 23	World Books Day
April 24	Panchayat Raj Day
April 26	World Intellectual Property Day
Important Days in May
May 1	International Labour Day, Maharashtra Day
May 3	International Press Freedom day; International Energy Day
May 4	Coal Miners Day
May 7	Worlds AIDS Orphans day
May 8	International Red Cross Day (It is celebrated to commemorate the birth anniversary of the founder of the Red Cross Organization Jean Henry Dunant)
May 11	National Technology Day
May 15	International Family Day
May 17	World Telecom Day
May 18	International Museums Day
May 22	International Bio Diversity Day
May 24	Commonwealth Day
May 25	Worlds Thyroid Day
May 29	International Day of UN Peace Keepers
May 30	Hindi Journalism Day
May 31	World No Tobacco Day
Important Days in June
June 1	World Milk Day (FAO)
June 5	World Environment Day
June 8	World Oceans Day
June 12	World Day Against Child Labour / Child Labour Prohibition Day
June 14	World Blood Donor Day
June 15	World Elder Abuse Awareness Day
June 17	World Day to Combat Desertification
June 20	World Refugee Day
June 21	International Day of Yoga
June 23	United Nations Public Service Day
June 26	International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking
June 29	National Statistics Day
Important Days in July
July 1	Doctor's Day
July 2	World UFO Day
July 4	American Independence Day
July 7	International Day of Cooperatives
July 11	World Population Day
July 17	World Day for International Justice
July 18	Mandela Day
July 26	Kargil Victory Day
July 27	Central Reserve Police Force Foundation Day
July 28	World Hepatitis Day
Important Days in August
Aug 6	Hiroshima Day
Aug 9	Quit India Movement Day
Aug 12	International youth Day
Aug 14	Pakistan's Independence Day
Aug 15	India's Independence Day
Aug 19	World Photography Day
Aug 20	Sadbhavana Diwas
Aug 29	National Sports Day of India (Dhyanchand's Birth Day)
Aug 30	Small Industry Day
Important Days in September
Sept 5	Teacher's Day (Dr. Radhakrishnan's Birth Day)
Sept 7	Forgiveness Day
Sept 8	International Literacy Day
Sept 14	Hindi day,World First Aid Day
Sept 16	World Ozone Day
Sept 21	International Day of Peace, World Alzheimer's day
Sept 25	Social Justice Day
Sept 27	World Tourism Day
Important Days in October
Oct 1	International Day for the Elderly(UN)
Oct 2	Gandhi Jayanti, International Day of Non-Violence
Oct 3	World Nature Day, World Habitat Day
Oct 4	World Animal Day
Oct 5	World Teacher's Day
Oct 6	World Wildlife Day, World Food Security Day
Oct 8	Indian Air-force day
Oct 9	World Postal Day
Oct 10	World Mental Health day;National Post Day
Oct 11	International Girl Child Day
Oct 12	World Sight day
Oct 13	World Calamity Control Day(UN)
Oct 14	World Standard Day
Oct 15	World White cane day(guiding the blind)
Oct 16	World Food Day
Oct 17	International poverty
Oct 20	National Solidarity Day (China attacked India on that day)
Oct 24	United Nations Day
Oct 30	World Thrift Day
Oct 31	Rastriya Ekta Diwas (Sardar Patel), National Integration Day (In memory of Indira Gandhi)
Important Days in November
Nov 7	Infant Protection day;World Cancer Awareness Day
Nov 9	Legal Service Day
Nov 10	Transport Day
Nov 14	Children's day/ World Diabetics day
Nov 17	Guru Nanak Dev's Birth Anniversary
Nov 26	Law Day
Nov 30	Flag Day
Important Days in December
Dec 1	World AIDS Day
Dec 3	World Disability Day
Dec 4	Navy Day
Dec 7	Armed Force Flag Day
Dec 10	Human Rights day
Dec 11	UNICEF Day
Dec 14	National Energy Conservation Day
Dec 19	Goa's Liberation day
Dec 23	Kisan Divas (Farmer's Day)